The Issue Of College Tuition Essay Example For Students

The Issue Of College Tuition Essay One of the interesting issues of discussion going on in the U.S. today that presidential up-and-comers are discussing is school educational cost. Some have uncovered their proposition to American residents on how they would handle the issue of educational cost. The inquiry is which one of the numerous recommendations will work and breaking point the measure of individuals who don’t head off to college and give them motivation to go. The educational cost issue isn't a made to order issue, however a national issue. While there are some who have the chance to go to school others are not as lucky. In any case, everybody can have a section in forming the future for some ages to come. The goal is to figure out how to make what some would call â€Å"college free†to everybody. How were we ready to figure out how to make government funded schools from K-12 allowed to each American, yet can’t figure out how to handle the school educational cost issue. Regardless of whether you are a parent, secondary school graduate, or somebody who simply need to get a degree, you ought not need to pressure and maintain 3 sources of income to have the option to bear the cost of an advanced degree. America has the cash to continually pour in such a large number of various projects for different issues, yet not for advanced education where we as a whole can join in. By what means can the cutting edge have the option to handle the issues that will happen in the U.S. or then again the world if a large portion of the populace isn't taught enough to concoct answers for our issues. There are consistently different sides to a contention and with regards to free school one side says educational cost ought to be free, while the opposite side says educational cost ought not be free. While the vast majority need school to be free, the U. S. ought not make educational cost free for all residents. There are various reasons like burdening families who as of now have it hard, quality in training, apportioning, and if individuals see . .on will bring down which is a chance, however the three California schools have demonstrated something else. I feel that making universities free would really make them progressively serious with each other in scheming understudies to go to their school. These models show why school ought to be free and how individuals who stress shouldn’t. When taking a gander at the two sides of the contention for why school ought to be free and why educational cost ought not be free, I wound up practically changing my position on free school for all.Regardless of how the nation finds the cash to support free advanced education for all individuals who need to get a degree it needs to occur. Individuals need to comprehend that truly, this won t fix every one of our issues, however with the ascent of educational cost and occupations requesting more, I feel like we owe it to the cutting edge the privilege to a free advanced degree regardless of whether it s just for the initial multi year.

Strategy of Goggle

Investigation of Goggle Larry and Brinn established this substance during the 1990s. Nonetheless, the element had an alternate name, Back Rub. The originators of the substance were students at Stanford University. The two understudies built up a web index that could rate site importance by means of assessment of back links.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Strategy of Goggle explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above development would bolster the endeavors of incalculable elements in the Information innovation (IT) division. The authors later enrolled the element in California. The element created its pay just as web crawlers. Regardless, the element right now has expanded its activities into a grouping of subsectors in the PC business (Clay Esparza, 2012). What is happening? In the earlier decade, Goggle has made some clever acquisitions. The acquisitions have involved substances that would supplement Goggle’s tasks. A lso, the procured elements would empower enhancement and making of new items. Goggle’s salary starts predominately from commercials in spite of the substance managing in cell phone programming and other product. The substance likewise sells search apparatuses. In 2010, Goggle was the most loved hunt gadget. This signifies the entity’s mastery of the market. In America, the element serves more than 60% of the hunt demands. The pattern is comparative globally. Goggle additionally has a huge workforce that executes its every day tasks. The entity’s the board of the work power has finished in advancements like YouTube, a music internet searcher. Such a task has earned the substance huge returns. The element has built up various server farms. The server farms will encourage entrance into rewarding markets in Asia. Furthermore, they have uncovered Goggle’s responsibility towards a perfect situation. For the most part, developments and item creation have encoura ged extension in Goggle. SWOT Analysis Strengths The substance has dealt with its faculty in a sagacious way permitting the element to profit by their aptitude. Tasks like You Tube have radiated from the imagination of its workers. Be that as it may, the substance has earned incredible incomes from such advancements. Also, the worldwide network is using the web significantly. Thus, there is a manageable interest for Goggle’s items universally. Google has expanded its items decreasing its hazard as an element. Thusly, disappointment of an item would have negligible ramifications on the elements fortunes.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weaknesses The element loses pay through falsifying of its items. This is regular practice particularly corresponding to application item. Along these lines, Goggle should request of specialists to uphold fake ena ctment to limit its misfortunes. Openings Innovations are basic to the endurance of this substance. In this way, Goggle needs to furnish the customer base with better items in every case thus, winning more demographic. Also, there are rewarding markets in the rising economies that the substance can outfit. Dangers The substance works in an exceedingly serious market. Along these lines, Goggle needs to guarantee that it is at standard with its opponents. It ought to guarantee that it improves its items relentlessly. Google is overwhelmingly reliant on continues exuding from publicizing. As needs be, vacillation in such salaries would influence the firm impressively. Irritation Analysis Strengths Advancement in innovation will influence this substance decidedly. Mechanical movement will have impressive effects in the developing markets that are falling behind innovatively. Such progressions will make interest for Goggle’s items. Its work force the board technique is novel subse quently, permitting the substance to use the inventiveness of its representatives instead of giving redundant obligations that don't bolster profession development. Shortcomings Google works in an industry which changes quickly. Thus, the substance requires continued research on item improvement. Inability to do so will permit its rival’s items to outperform its own. This would be unfavorable since the demographic consistently decide on the best items. References Clay, B. Esparza, S. (2012). Website improvement across the board for fakers. California, CA: Wiley distribution. This contextual analysis on Strategy of Goggle was composed and presented by client Casey Carter to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Is Your Son or Daughter an Upcoming High School Senior Start Your College Visits Now!

Is Your Son or Daughter an Upcoming High School Senior Start Your College Visits Now! Summers coming and your high school junior  might be thinking more about trips to the beach than about college plans, but this is the perfect time to start planning college visits!   The earlier the better.   If you havent already, sit down with your son or daughter and think about what colleges he or she might want to attend.   Then plan a trip. Top 4 reasons to visit colleges this summer: The college visit is the best way for you and your son or daughter to get a feeling for what a school is really like, beyond the two dimensionality of a web page or brochure.   Meet students, see dorm rooms and dining halls, and maybe even sit in on a class (though classes are not as numerous in the summer as they would be in the spring or fall).    Your child will get a  sense of whether he or she  wants to spend four years in this place. At schools that offer on-campus interviews, this is your childs chance to meet an admissions representative before even submitting  an application.   It is a chance to make an impression early on so the committee  has a face â€" or at the very least an interview report to attach to the application.   Alumni interviews don’t happen until after the application is submitted, so the on-campus interview is an opportunity not to be missed. Visiting shows the school that your child is  serious about that school.   Who takes their summer vacation to go and visit colleges?   Not too many people.    Show up at colleges when you could be out on Cape Cod, and you make an impression.   Want to make the biggest splash?   Visit in June or July.   Most families wait until August, when  your son or daughter will  be just one face in a sea of hundreds. Summer visits give you time to revisit.   If you and your child like what you see and want to know more, or if you’re not sure and need a second look, making the first visit in June gives you plenty of time for a second round.   If you visit for the first time in February, your family will have to make decisions based on one visit alone. So   before hitting the beach, sit down for a college conversation, pull out a map, and start planning!

Geography of Ancient Greece

Greece, a country in southeastern Europe whose peninsula extends from the Balkans into the Mediterranean Sea, is mountainous, with many gulfs and bays. Forests fill some areas of Greece. Much of Greece is stony and suitable only for pasturage, but other areas are suitable for growing wheat, barley, citrus, dates, and olives. It is convenient to divide ancient Greece into 3 geographical regions (plus islands and colonies): (1) Northern Greece,(2) Central Greece(3) The Peloponnese.​ I. Northern Greece Northern Greece consists of Epirus and Thessaly, separated by the Pindus mountain range. The chief town in Epirus is Dodona where the Greeks thought Zeus provided oracles. Thessaly is the largest plains area in Greece. It is almost surrounded by mountains. On the north, the Cambunian range has as its highest mountain the home of the gods, Mt. Olympus, and nearby, Mt Ossa. Between these two mountains is a valley called the Vale of Tempe through which runs the Peneius River. II. Central Greece Central Greece has more mountains than northern Greece. It contains the countries of Aetolia (famed for the Calydonian boar hunt), Locris (divided into 2 sections by Doris and Phocis), Acarnania (west of Aetolia, bordered by the Achelous River, and north of the Gulf of Calydon), Doris, Phocis, Boeotia, Attica, and Megaris. Boeotia and Attica are separated by Mt. Cithaeron. In northeast Attica is Mt. Pentelicus home of the famous marble. South of Pentelicus is the Hymettus mountain range, which is famous for its honey. Attica had poor soil, but a long coastline favoring trade. Megaris lies in the Isthmus of Corinth, which separates central Greece from the Peloponnese. The Megarans raised sheep and made woolen products and pottery. III. Peloponnesus South of the Isthmus of Corinth is the Peloponnese (21,549 sq. km), whose central region is Arcadia, which is a plateau over mountain ranges. On the northern slope is Achaea, with Elis and Corinth on either side. On the east of the Peloponnese is the mountainous Argolis area. Laconia was the country in the basin of the Eurotas River, which ran between the Taygetus and Parnon mountain regions. Messenia lies to the west of Mt. Taygetus, the highest point in the Peloponnese. Source: An Ancient History for Beginners, by George Willis Botsford, New York: Macmillan Company. 1917.

Life in the Feudal System During Medievel Times - 811 Words

All of the villages had one large farm where all villagers shared as grazing land for their animals. The village also included church land (glebe), the lords hunting forest, and meadows where hay was grown. A farmer usually had two crops; a spring and an autumn crop. The spring usually consisting of barley, vetches, oats, peas and beans, while fall was usually just wheat and rye. Each seed was used in way. The rye and wheat, besides being sold for cash, was used for bread. The barley was used for beer and the oats and hay were fed to the livestock. Different crops are planted on the same field in different years. One year they might plant wheat and then barley the following year. Barley and wheat use and have different nutrients.†¦show more content†¦During the 11th Century, the lord started recruiting middle class freeman with actual skills. These men also had a certain standard of quality equipment. Around 90% of Medieval Europeans were peasants who worked as farmers. Peasants lived in village of about 100 to 300 people, in a one of two roomed hut located around the village green or along the villages dirt road. Village were usually near a river or stream because it then provided them with a source of fresh water and fish. The villages and the land around them were called manors. Manors varied in size from about 900 to 3000 hectares and were owned by a lord. The lord had his own farming area which was around one third of the total area, this was known as demesne. The villagers then farmed the rest of the land. Women in Medieval times were totally controlled by the males of their family. They were expected to obey their father, brothers or any other male members. If a woman was to be disobedient, she would be beaten and was seen as a crime against religion. It was important for women to learn how to use weapons so they could protect their homes when the men of the family were away. Some medieval women held other jobs. There were women blacksmiths, merchants and apothecaries. Others were midwives, workers in the fields, or spent their time writing, playing musical instruments, dancing or painting. A young Medieval woman from aShow MoreRelatedThe High Middle Ages1314 Words   |  6 Pagesrevolt against Roman rule. Christianity survived because it had many teachings that appealed to the downtrodden in Roman society, these teachings being that even though they were suffering they would gain equality and possibly superiority in the next life, Christianity gave them hope. When Emperor Constantine â€Å"converted† to Christianity, this conversion is not fact and often debated, after the Christian God gave him a vision that he would win a battle if he put the sign of Jesus Christ on his soldier’s

Hr- Training and Development Free Essays

string(148) " considerable work about the development of competitive advantage by putting in place effective compensation system \(Milkovich and Newman, 2002\)\." It has been quite a challenging task for the Human Resource Management people to design such strategies which will transform the workforce as motivated and retained for high performance work organization (Thompson, 2004). HRM makes continuous efforts to develop such policies which will motivate the human resource for sustained competitive advantage (Barney’s, 1991, Wright, et al. , 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Hr- Training and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now These efforts must include incentives, pay packages which makes an employee more comfortable and committed with the organization. HRM also needs to understand the implications of the different incentive plans for different organizational levels.Employee satisfaction is the most frequently researched area in the management sciences (Schneider and Brief, 1992). Employees will stay longer with the company â€Å"Higher retention of the right caliber of employees creates a stable and experienced labor force that delivers higher service quality at lower cost (Guthrie, J. P. 2001), this leads to higher customer retention and of course increased productivity with profitability. Researchers have also tried to further this relationship that a satisfied employee will be instrumental in keeping the customers satisfied thus yielding increased profitability (Bain and Co, 1991).Another way of understanding the importance of employee is that customer satisfaction can only be achieved through employee satisfaction. For example, Berry (1981) states that whether managing customers or employees â€Å"the central purpose remains the same; the attraction of patronage through the satisfaction of needs and wants†. In both cases individuals and organizations are involved in exchange. The nature of what is exchanged may vary, but the importance of satisfying needs and wants remains constant, meaning that the management of employees is often similar to the management of customers.After realizing that employees may be viewed as customers, it seems important to know w hether the field of customer satisfaction measurement has developed any insights recently that can be applied in the employee setting. In fact, the quality revolution has prompted an explosion in customer satisfaction research and recent years have brought impressive gains in merging the field of customer satisfaction (traditionally focusing on consumer psychology and paying little attention to managerial application) with the field of service quality.The purpose of this paper is to show how several of these recent advances in customer satisfaction measurement can be applied usefully in the context of employee satisfaction and retention. This requires a change of management paradigm, from employees as replaceable and low paid servants to employee as customer. Employees must not be viewed as not just someone who must listen to management, but also as someone who management must listen to. The theory of reasoned action asserts that attitudes lead to intentions which lead to behaviors’.This theory has received a great deal of empirical support (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; Hom and Hulin, 1981; Steele and ovalle, 1 984), and explains the similarity between the psychological mechanisms underlying customer and employee retention. High satisfaction results in an intention to remain in the economic exchange with the organization. Intentions translate directly to behavior, suggesting that employees are indeed similar to customers when it comes to satisfaction and retention. Literature Review: Effectively measuring and improving employee satisfaction is very critical for the existence of an organization.Since businesses are becoming more competitive and employees with the rare skills and abilities needed to become competitively advantageous are becoming scarce and management can no longer effort to see employees as replaceable inputs (Miles and Creed, 1995). Now management has to see employees as valuable contributors who are real source of knowledge and strength for a viable and growing organization. Employee satisfaction and retention is instrumental for competitive organization and it is dependent on exchange of trust and contributions between employees and firms (Rousseau and Parks, 1992)Employee needs and wants are satisfied when they perceive that rewards from the organization (e. g pay, promotion, recog nition, personal growth, meaningful work) meet or exceed their expectations (Hackman and Oldham, 1980; Locke, 1976). Customer needs and wants are satisfied when they perceive goods and services to have value that meets or exceeds their expectations (Anderson, Sullivan, 1993; Oliver, 1980). Needs and wants of employees are not satisfied when the value obtained from an organization is less then what is expected.In the same way, high satisfaction is linked to retention of both customers and employees. Customers who are satisfied have higher repurchase intentions, which in turn translate into repeat purchases (Anderson and Sullian, 1993; Rust and Zahorik, 1993). Satisfied employees have higher intention of staying with an organization, which results in decreased turnover (Mobley et al, 1979). Employee satisfaction (mostly referred to as job satisfaction) has been defined as â€Å"a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences† (Locke, 1976, P. 1300).Researchers have been challenging the relationship between employee satisfaction and performance (Bray field and Crockett, 1955; Organ, 1977; Vroom, 1964). But the research conducted by Petty et al. (1984) concluded that job satisfaction and performance are positively correlated. Another important relationship is between employee satisfaction and employee turnover. Models of employee turnover almost universally propose a negative relationship between satisfaction and turnover (Hom and Griffeth, 1991; Hulin et al. , 1985; March and Simon, 1958; Mobley et al. , 1979; Price and Mueller, 1986; Rusbult and Farrell, 1983).Improving employee satisfaction thus appears to be instrumental for decreasing employee turnover. Increasing employee satisfaction and thereby reducing employee turnover is critical for overall organizational performance and growth. Certain studies suggest that separation, replacement and training costs are 1. 5 to 2. 5 times annual salary for each person who quits (Solomon, 1988). These relationships are the foundation for reinforcing cycle of positive interactions between employees and customers (Reichheld, 1993; Reichheld and Sasser, 1990; Schlesinger and Heskett, 1991).Always satisfied employees create fewer problems for organizations and play important role in developing loyal customer base (Schneider and Bowen, 1985), which in turn is a continuous source of overall profitability and growth for the organization (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). Individual efforts are to be integrated with strategic business objectives by encouraging employees to do the right things while improving the efficiency (Ash 1993, Schell, et al. , 1997). Management researchers have done considerable work about the development of competitive advantage by putting in place effective compensation system (Milkovich and Newman, 2002). You read "Hr- Training and Development" in category "Papers"Compensation system involve monetary compensation and non monetary rewards. Monetary compensation is further distinguished as direct compensation (fixed and variable pay) and indirect compensation (benefits). Compensation and reward system should be in line with management philosophy (Wilson, 1995). The management approach to link the Human Resource Management practices and firm performance is termed as High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) and it has accumulating economic impact on the firm (Becker Huselid, 1998).This area has been researched in Great Britain (Wood and colleagues, 1995, 1996, 1998), Canada (Godard, 1991, 2001), Singapore (Barnard Rodgers, 2000) and South Korea (Bae Lawler, 2001). In this context human resource function has to adopt more customer oriented approach on design and delivery of HR programs. HR is mostly focused towards employee recruitment and training function as mentioned by Lengnick-Hall, 1999. Now one of the most central task within HR function is the development of effective and efficient compensation plan especially variable rewards and incentive schemes.It can be attributed to effective compensation system that a satisfied employee will be more actively pursued towards the achievement of organizational goals. The proposed research project will explore the impact of Supervision, work design and work conditions (Roland, et al. , 1996), with the satisfaction and retention of employees in donor agencies located in Islamabad. PROBLEM STATEMENT â€Å"The effect of Supervision, Work Design, Work Condition on Employee Satisfaction and Retention† Specific Objective We have focused that intention to leave an organization is based on three var iables; Supervision, Work Conditions and Work Design. How work design, Supervision, Work Condition effect Employee retention. †¢ How effective supervision, conductive work conditions and well defined work design help to develop and manage a motivated and satisfied workforce †¢ How higher retention is essential for creating a more stable work environment that facilitates growth and sustainable competitiveness. Conceptual Framework There may be some other factors which have their bearing on employee satisfaction and retention but this study will focus on Supervision, Work Conditions and Work Design as independent variables whereas intention to leave as independent variable.The conceptual framework of this research is developed around the relationship between Supervision, Work Conditions and Work Design with employee satisfaction and retention (Roland, et al. , 1996) Research Methodology Sampling Technique Email and self visits are preferred. But convenience sampling approach is adopted for this research, i. e. Emails Sampling Size 100 samples are collected from donor agencies. List is given below: [pic] DONOR COMPANIES from which the data has been selected |S. |Donor Companies |SAMPLE | |01 |WFP |4 | |02 |GTZ |13 | |03 |Mercy Corpse |2 | |04 |KFW |2 | |05 |Save the Children |2 | |06 |CORDIR |2 | |07 |UNDP- PRS Monitoring Project |4 | |08 |ADB |4 | |09 |Handicap International |2 | |10 |DAAD- GTZ |2 | |11 |UNICEF |4 | |12 |BRAC |4 | |13 |Red Cross |4 | |14 |ACTED International |2 | |15 |Deloitte (Donor agency) |2 | |16 |Asia Foundation |3 | |17 |GTZ- RAHA |3 | |18 |Care International |3 | |19 |European Union |1 | |20 |ERRA |2 | |21 |Islamic Relief |2 | |22 |UNFPA |6 | |23 |GTZ- FLP |1 | |24 |GTZ- CCBLE |3 | |25 |SHAIP |1 | |26 |SACHET |3 | |27 |Private Sector |4 | |28 |Limbless Organization 1 | |29 |GRP – GTZ |1 | |30 |GTZ- Health |3 | |31 |ARL |1 | |32 |PYDN |2 | |33 |Office Mora |1 | |34 |UN |3 | |35 |UNIDO |1 | |36 |Merlin |1 | |37 |FLP |1 | Research Model Hypothetical Research Mo del Hypothesis H1:Supervisory style has positive impact on intention to leave. H2:Work design has positive impact on intention to leave H3:Work Condition has positive impact on intention to leave Data Collection This research is basically focused on Donor Companies located in Islamabad.Sample is 100 from the selected donor agencies. Questionnaire is considered as best possible, easy and feasible technique for collection of data. So primary data collection will be arranged through a questionnaire. In addition to personal interviews and filling of questionnaires, a soft copy of questionnaire will be floated to target sample population through email. Data Analysis Method To measure the impact of independent variables on overall employee satisfaction and retention, Regression analysis will be used. This technique would be useful to measure the impact significance of independent variables on dependent variable of employee satisfaction and retention. Pearson Correlations | |WD |WC |SUP |TI | |WD |Pearson Correlation |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |WC |Pearson Correlation |. 649(**) |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |SUP |Pearson Correlation |. 55(**) |. 751(**) |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TI |Pearson Correlation |-. 175 |. 621 |. 632 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ** Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed).There is positive correlation (. 649) between work designs and work conditions at 0. 01 significance level. Whereas there are strong positive correlations between work conditions and supervisions (0. 751) and between work designs and supervisions (0. 655) at 0. 01 significance level. These highly results reveals that supervisions, work designs and work conditions in organizations are highly correlated with each other. The variables supervisions, work designs and work conditions play important role in organization. The other results of correlations between intention to leave and work condition (-. 292) and supervision and intention to leave . 632(a) are Positive and strong.Therefore it showed that these variables work condition and supervision has excellent relationship with intention to leave the organization. Regression Model Summary |Model |R |R Square |Adjusted R |Std. Error of the | | | | |Square |Estimate | |1 |. 632(a) |. 51 |5. 0 |0. 6 | a Predictors: (Constant), SUP, WD, WC the value of R showed the combine correlation between independent variables and dependent variable. In summary table the value of R is (. 632) which is Strong correlation and significant. The value of R square which is (. 51) showed that 51 percent impact of independent variables on dependent variable.Whereas other factors have 41 percent effect on dependent variable. When we change one unit of independent variables (supervision, work design, work conditions) then51 percent of change will occur on dependent variable (intention to leave). After adjusting the regression values to generalize the result to population, 5 percent impact of independent variables have on dependent variables. The standard error value is high which showed there is above little deviation with the regression line in the model. ANOVA(b) |Model | |Sum of Squares |df |Mean Square |F | | | |B | |. 4 |. 81 |11 | Summary Item Statistics |Mean |Minimum |Maximum |Range |Maximum / Minimum |Variance |N of Items | |Item Means |24. 533 |12. 510 |30. 240 |17. 730 |2. 417 |65. 894 |4 | |Item Variances |21. 417 |8. 879 |34. 467 |25. 588 |3. 882 |113. 012 |4 | |Inter-Item Covariances |6. 630 |5. 114 |21. 393 |26. 506 |4. 183 |128. 693 |4 | |Inter-Item Correlations |. 212 |3. 133 |8. 214 |1. 064 |2. 621 |. 247 |4 | | Conclusion Data and findings, The study reveals the work Conditions, Work design, and supervision style of the manager has the direct relationship with the intention to quit from organization by the employee.Results also presents interesting phenomena that if work conditions, Work design is change, it creates a very positive effect on moral and motivation of employee which ultimately helping the management to retains the talent with in the company. By changing Work design and Work environment condition for the employees the overall performance of the employee can be improved and with the participatory supervisory style, the retention o f employees can be made possible. Conclusion Discussion Statistical data analysis of model reveals that impact of work design, supervision and work conditions on intention to leave of employees is significant and positively associated.The variation in data is also 49% which indicates that 49% multidimensionality of factors has been captured. Statistical value of model is also showing a positive trend. Impact of good supervisory style and work design on intention to leave is insignificant. Work design is negatively associated with intention to leave. However work condition is significant and negatively associated with intention to leave. Supervision is positively linked but it has insignificant impact. Over all analysis indicate that high job satisfaction is inversely related with intention to leave. It means that with increase in job satisfaction, the intention to leave decreases.Through this research study, it is identified in Donor Companies working in Islamabad; the employees consider work conditions more important than the other two factors which are work design and supervision. This study was not only conducted amongst managers, assistant managers but also drivers, front desk officers, and other support staff as well. So as per their perception at managerial levels executive work conditions lead towards higher job satisfaction and eventually intention to leave the organization decreases. Whereas at managerial level supervision might not be involved to certain extent where it can create certain impact on employee’s intention to leave. As managerial jobs comprising of diversified tasks, so multitude of work design does not create any significant impact on managers’ intention to leave the organization.Drivers and other support staff is focusing on basically allowances that is covered in Job Satisfaction and good manager. Therefore management needs to focus on improvement of work conditions which will improve job satisfaction. Job satisfaction of employees will lead to decrease in intention to leave. Once organization achieves higher retention of employees, it will help to achieve sustainable growth which is required to maintain competitive advantage in the market place. Limitations: A few limitations of this study should be noted. First, presently there is down turn in economy and every field is being effected by the lay offs and drastic cuts in budgets.Since my research was focused donor companies and this sector is also feeling the pinch due to Taliban and terrorist attacks. Threats, Kidnapping for Ransom (Mercy Corpse). So, there is possibility that our results would be affected by this very factor. Secondly, time was another constraint which was also felt by researcher and the respondents, they sometimes refuses and postponed to fill the questionnaire. Thirdly, being the student researcher, commuting was another big constraint in doing a research on much bigger scale. Fourthly, most of the donor agencies refuse due to leakage of confidentiality, (security reasons).References: Anderson, E. W. and Sullivan, M. W. 1993), â€Å"The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms†, Marketing Science, Vol. 12, Spring, pp. 125-43. Berry, L. L. (1981), â€Å"The employee as customer†, Journal of Retail Banking, 3 March, pp. 33-40. Lawler, E. E. III (1992), The Ultimate Advantage: Creating the High involvement Organization, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Mobley, W. H. , Griffeth, R. W. , Hand , H. H. and Meglino, B. M. (1979), â€Å"Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process†, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 86, pp. 493-552. Oliver, R. L. (1980), â€Å"A congnitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions†, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 42, November, pp. 460-69. Oliver, R. L. 1989), â€Å" Processing of the satisfaction response in consumption; a suggested framework and research propositions†, Journal of Consumer satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and complaining Behavior, Vol. 2, pp. 1-16. Reichheld, F. F. and Sasser, W. E. Jr (1990), â€Å"Zero defections: quality comes to services†, Harvard Business Review, September-October, pp. 105-11. Rousseau, D. M. and McLean Parks, J. (1992), â€Å"The contracts of individuals and organizations†, Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 15, pp. 1-43. Rust, R. T. and Zahorik, A. J. (1993), â€Å"Customer satisfaction, customer retention, and market share†, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69, Summer, pp. 193-215 Schneider, B. , and Brief, A. P. (1992), â€Å"foreword†, in Crannyy, C. J. , Smith, P. C. and stone, job satisfaction, Lexington Books, New York, NY. Locke, 1976, P. 300, job satisfaction is defined as â€Å"a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences†. Bray field and Crockett, 1955; Organ, 1977; Vroom, 1964; relationship between employee satisfaction and performance. Petty et al. (1984) concluded that job satisfaction and performance are positively correlated. (Hom and Griffeth, 1991; Hulin et al. , 1985; March and Simon, 1958; Mobley et al. , 1979; Price and Mueller, 1986; Rusbult and Farrell, 1983), Models of employee turnover almost universally propose a negative relationship between satisfaction and turnover. ———————– Intention to leave Work Conditions Work Design Supervision + + + Intention to leave Work Conditions Work Design Supervision How to cite Hr- Training and Development, Papers

Seurat, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Van Gogh’s Contribution in Painting Essay Example

Seurat, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Van Gogh’s Contribution in Painting Essay Seurat revolutionized the utilization of color with his work popularly known as the Bathers (Seurat.. n.p.). In the aforementioned work of his, he elucidated his societal observations not through style but through color innovation (Seurat.. n.p.). Explaining further, he â€Å"modified the actual color of his subjects by utilizing any of the following: atmospheric light, sunlight or by juxtaposed colors† (Pointillism.. n.p.). In fact, such a move is so successful that those who take a look at the Bathers are eventually amused (Seurat.. n.p.). Interestingly, Seurat even let go of what categorized him as truly exceptional painter when he â€Å"modernized† colors (Seurat.. n.p.). In addition to that, through his utilization of   effervescent, sparkling, yet relaxing serene colors, he is able to articulate what he would like to and what he means exactly (Seurat.. n.p.). Also, his style, â€Å"regression in the use of colors or open-air light effects to give light to polit ical occurrences† really revolutionized paintings (Seurat.. n.p.). Gaugin History has it that Gaugin revolutionized painting later in his life (Wikipedia n.p.). His travels contributed largely to this especially when he went over to visit the following:   â€Å"Brittany, Panama, Martinique, Provence, Tahiti, and the Marquesas Islands† (Wikipedia n.p.). In his painting which he called, â€Å"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?†, it is extremely apparent that he revolutionized painting through â€Å"subject matter, color, light, and brushstroke† (Wikipedia n.p.). Furthermore, in Gaugin’s â€Å"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going†, the prominence of stunning, flamboyant utilization of colors, as well as, the extremely strokes of paint brush are exceedingly noticeable (Wikipedia n.p.). With regards to subject matters, he revolutionized paintings in such a way that expressive and touching scenes are emphasized (Wikipedia n.p.). For instance, in this particular work of his, poignant and absolutely emotional scenes would go unnoticed as it articulated â€Å"the beginning of life, continuation survival of young adulthood, and finally the coming of a reconciled death† (Wikipedia n.p.). We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Van Gogh’s Contribution in Painting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Van Gogh’s Contribution in Painting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Van Gogh’s Contribution in Painting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cezanne Cezanne revolutionized painting by providing â€Å"equal emphasis to all the elements in a composition† (Wikipedia n.p.). In his work entitled, â€Å"Les Grandes Baigneuses† equal emphasis may be recognized especially when looking closely at â€Å"the stability and geometric balance that it conveys† (Wikipedia n.p.). Furthermore, the colors, as well as, the rhythmic, recurring, and probing small strokes of brush also show how extensively he studies his subjects before painting them (Wikipedia n.p.). Moreover, he revolutionized painting also through his ability to â€Å"simplify naturally occurring forms to their geometric essential† as briefly mentioned awhile back (Wikipedia n.p.). Going back to the painting in question, his desire to â€Å"treat nature by the cylinder or cone† is greatly emphasized at the center of the painting (Wikipedia n.p.). Van Gogh Van Gogh, on the other hand, revolutionized painting through his visual style and technique (Wikipedia n.p.). 1889’s Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh is a work where the visual style and technique aforementioned may be seen (Wikipedia n.p.). The graphic style that he utilized to attain or realize a â€Å"nocturnal effect in which surfaces and silhouettes play a greater role than lines† makes it appear rather simulated, synthetic, and unnatural yet it makes the scene appearing to be real (Wikipedia n.p.). Such particular style also articulated and made viewers feel that the artist’s utilization of such color and design to represent nature brings in consolation and ultimately, comfort (Wikipedia n.p.). This is precisely how Van Gogh revolutionized painting. References Pointillism: Seurat’s Bathers at Asnieres. n.d. n.a. 08 July 2007 http://webexhibits.org/colorart/pointillism.html Seurat: Color and Politics. n.d. n.a. 08 July 2007 http://blogs.princeton.edu/wri152-3/dlieber/archives/001867.html Wikipedia. Paul Cezanne. 29 June 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 08 July 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezanne

Free Essays on Socrates And The Immortality Of The Soul

Most people grow up in the shadow of at least one of the major religions, all of which suppose some kind of survival beyond death. They therefore usually take it for granted that we can "know what we are talking about" when we speak of immortality or less grandiosely of survival after death. We assume sense has been given to talk of the soul as something correlative with the body, as Plato does when the discussion starts and death is characterized as the beginning of the separate existence of the soul and of the separate existence of the body. Although Socrates has no proof that the soul does exist after the body dies, his arguments can be convincing to many by using the dialectic. The dialogue between Socrates and the others begins with a longer statement of the type of defense Socrates gave in the Apology for thinking that death would be preferable to life for one with his interests: the desire for wisdom is frustrated by the body in various ways, so one can hope to get much further without the body's impediments. The philosopher's life is then a practicing to die [67-68, 80e-81]. The real argument starts when Cebes objects that the position depends on the assumption that the soul, or we might say, our mental activity aimed at understanding does actually hang together after the death of the body. The main arguments concerning the immortality of the soul come from the Phaedo. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, that his soul would leave and join that of the forms, where he would be eternally. Socrates believed so strongly in this, that not only did he not fear his death, he welcomed it. He believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates’ life long goal of discovering the truth. Even at his hour of death, Socrates showed no hesitation. However, Socrates’ friends did not believe so strongly, an... Free Essays on Socrates And The Immortality Of The Soul Free Essays on Socrates And The Immortality Of The Soul Most people grow up in the shadow of at least one of the major religions, all of which suppose some kind of survival beyond death. They therefore usually take it for granted that we can "know what we are talking about" when we speak of immortality or less grandiosely of survival after death. We assume sense has been given to talk of the soul as something correlative with the body, as Plato does when the discussion starts and death is characterized as the beginning of the separate existence of the soul and of the separate existence of the body. Although Socrates has no proof that the soul does exist after the body dies, his arguments can be convincing to many by using the dialectic. The dialogue between Socrates and the others begins with a longer statement of the type of defense Socrates gave in the Apology for thinking that death would be preferable to life for one with his interests: the desire for wisdom is frustrated by the body in various ways, so one can hope to get much further without the body's impediments. The philosopher's life is then a practicing to die [67-68, 80e-81]. The real argument starts when Cebes objects that the position depends on the assumption that the soul, or we might say, our mental activity aimed at understanding does actually hang together after the death of the body. The main arguments concerning the immortality of the soul come from the Phaedo. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, that his soul would leave and join that of the forms, where he would be eternally. Socrates believed so strongly in this, that not only did he not fear his death, he welcomed it. He believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates’ life long goal of discovering the truth. Even at his hour of death, Socrates showed no hesitation. However, Socrates’ friends did not believe so strongly, an...

Definition and Examples of the Habitual Past in Grammar

Definition and Examples of the Habitual Past in Grammar Definition In English grammar, the habitual past is a verb aspect that is used to refer to repeated events in the past. Also called past-habitual aspect or past-repetitive aspect. The habitual past is indicated most frequently by the semi-auxiliary verb used to, the auxiliary would, or the simple past tense of a verb. Examples and Observations She would practice every day until she could hit that mark running, turning, jumping, sideways, or in any form she chose.(Linda Wallace Edwards, The Legend of White Sky. Tate Publishing, 2011)And when most everyone was fast asleep, hed practice every single exercise hed seen demonstrated earlier in the courtyard, feverishly absorbed in the perfection of his art.(Robert Joseph Banfelder, No Stranger Than I. Hudson View Press, 1990)I practiced every day, and if I couldnt find a buddy to play with Id throw the ball against the barn wall and catch it.(Devon Mihesuah, The Lightning Shrikes. Lyons Press, 2004)When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realized that the Lord doesnt work that way, so I stole one and asked Him to forgive me.(American comedian Emo Philips)i usta wonder who id be when I was a little girl in Indianapolissitting on doctors porches with post-dawn pre-debs(wondering would my aunt drag me to church Sunday) . . . (Nikki Giovanni, Adulthood. The Selected Poems of Nikki Giovanni. William Morrow, 1996) Using Used To (Usta) and Would in the Habitual Past The auxiliary used tocolloquially contracted to ustais employed to signal the past-habitual or past-repetitive aspect, as in: (32a) She used to talk more often​ (32b) He used to visit regularly Unlike progressive aspectual auxiliaries, used to cannot be preceded by other auxiliaries or followed by an -ing marked main verb. Thus compare: (33a) She may keep go ing on and on. (33b) *She may use(d) to go on and on. (33c) *She used (to) going on and on. (33d) She has kept working. (33e) *She has use(d) to work. . . . [M]any of the progressive aspectuals can also code a habitual sense. Thus, when in the past tense, they also code the habitual past. The modal auxiliary would can also be used to render the habitual past. This usage is probably more colloquial: (34a) One would come in and look around and . . . (34b) She would eat two loaves a day . . . (34c) Theyd work real hard for an hour, then quit and . . . There is a subtle semantic difference between used to and would, in that the former implies termination of the past habit, while the latter does not. (Talmy Givà ³n, English Grammar: A Function-Based Introduction. John Benjamins, 1993) Factors Influencing the Choice of Habitual-Past Forms The three main forms used to express habitual past situations in Englishused to, would and the simple pastare often, but not always, interchangeable. Various factors affecting the choice of form have been suggested in the literature, but few empirical investigations have been devoted to all three forms. One exception is a recent study by [Sali] Tagliamonte and [Helen] Lawrence [I Used to Dance . . . in Journal of English Linguistics 28: 324-353] (2000) who examined various factors influencing the choice of habitual form in a corpus of recorded British English conversations. Starting from the observation that the choice of expression is mainly determined by the interaction of two factors, the aktionsart of the verb (stative vs. dynamic) and some contextual indication of time (frequency or past time), they distinguish four basic habitual situations in which one, two, or all three variants seem to be permitted. . . . Using Comries definition to identify habitual situations in their corpus, Tagliamonte and Lawrence found that 70% of the situations were realised by the simple past, 19% by used to, 6% by would and the remaining 5% by various other constructions, such as the progressive form and combinations with verbs like tend to, keep (on), etc. . . . [I]n the situations examined, used to tended to be favored with 1st person subjects, when it occurred initially in a sequence of habitual events in discourse and when it did not occur in a sequence, but was disfavoured in negative clauses, with stative verbs, and with inanimate subjects. Would tended to be favored with 3rd person subjects, in situations of short duration, non-initially in sequences and (weakly) in negative clauses. The simple past tended to be favored in negative clauses, with stative verbs and inanimate subjects, sequence-internally, and (weakly) in situations of short duration and with frequency adverbials. (Bengt Altenberg, Expressing Past Habit in English and Swedish: A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study. Functional Perspectives on Grammar and Discourse: In Honour of Angela Downing, ed. by Christopher S. Butler, Raquel Hidalgo Downing, and Julia Lavid. John Benjamins, 2007)

Comic Book Critical Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comic Book Critical Analysis - Assignment Example On hearing about it, we may take them to be conveying only comic stories, but they also present seriousness- this can vary from sexuality and alienation, to terrorism as well as stories relating to family, love etc. while analyzing the comic books, it is important that we should know from what point of time the graphic novels began to take shape as a distinct medium ,entertaining people, and who brought in innovative steps in this regard (Eisner, Will (1978). In ‘Truth about Graphic Novels: A Format, Not a Genre, The ALAN Review, Winter 2005 by Fletcher-Spear, Kristin, Jenson-Benjamin, Merideth, Copeland, Teresa’, we find this comment, and could be aptly used while mentioning about the graphic novels. â€Å"The shortest definition of graphic novels describes them as "book-length comic books." A definition used by librarians refers to them as book-length narratives told using a combination of words and sequential art, often presented in comic book style. The constant in both definitions is "comic book." (Fletcher-Spear , 2009)Comic books are meant to entertain people. They seem very effective in conveying ideas of an author. Scot Mccoud has been an inspiring figure in this field. Scott Mccloud has been a prominent figure in writing and drawing comics since 1984.his book ‘understanding comics has been a great success. He is one of the American comic artists to assimilate magna influences in to his work. Scott McCloud is considered one of the pre-eminent comics’ theorists on the basis of his Understanding Comics, a seminal work in comics’ theory. Though McCloud has been criticized for his lack of â€Å"theoretical sophistication† by not engaging with more theoretical vocabulary or reference to theory like semiotics, post-structuralism, or narratology, his work is still fundamental to comics theory, especially due to his own practical use of comics language (Groensteen vii). (Chris Hagenah 2000) Scout

#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#3 - Essay Example Drugs addicts have continued to increase as the drugs are cheap. The illegalization of these drugs has not helped in reducing the criminals and several people including the chief police in Britain have opted for the decriminalization of these drugs in a bid to stop the drugs circulating in the streets of continuing to increase the number of drug addicts. The research recommendations are that the country should look for other options to help the users of drugs as taking them to jail is not the solution. Some of the alternatives provided in the article include: community health and addiction treatment. I agree with the researchers and other opposes of criminalization of drug users and abusers. This has been the only solution in almost all the nations of the world facing drug problems but nothing has stopped the increase in drugs in the streets and the number of drug users. It is time to seek alternative solutions which will make those dealing with drugs stop doing so and transform on their own accord. Examples should be drawn from other decriminalization issues where once a law is passed on decriminalization, the previously illegal activity ceases on its own accord and I strongly believe this will be the same with the drug issue. The news clip was reliable because it came from published research in a peer reviewed medical journal that is renowned and valid. This therefore means that the research was also valid and hence reliable. The news article is printed in the BBC website. BBC is one of the oldest form of media communication and has reached this far due to the reliability of the information they publish hence making this news article reliable as well. Lastly is the fact that the information in discussion is nothing new but a reiteration of what is truly happening in the society. It is evident that drugs have increased and various reports confirm that and issues of

American Marketing Association

American Marketing Association Task one Compare the definitions of Marketing given by the Chartered Institute of Marketing, the American Marketing Association and one other definition of your choice. American Marketing Association (AMA) define marketing as â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. According to American marketing Association (AMA) marketing is a key factor of a business. AMA raise standard in marketing as, they want well to hire the right talent in this field of business. Hire people who knows or kin to learn marketing industry trends. AMA wants to put togather a top notch marketing team. So, they can get business and fulfill customers needs effectivly. The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) define marketing as The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. CIM shows that marketing is a managerial process it is a key fact to bring profit to the business. Identify the customer correctly, encourage them and satisfy coustomer, as a result profit will follow automatically. According to Marks Spencer (MS) Marketing is â€Å"understanding the competitive marketplace we operate in, as well as working closely with suppliers and product teams. All with the aim of providing customers with fantastic choices and great value.† To introduce the MS brand and communicate with the customer and to understand the demands marketing plays an important role in the business. Task two Using Primark as an example, describe how market-oriented they are in terms of their Mission Statement/Main Objectives, Customer Communications and other relevant characteristics. A market economy is an economy based on labour in which the prices of products and services are determined in a free price system and set by supply and demand. June 1969, the first Penneys store opened in Mary Street, Dublin. Within a year, four more stores opened in the Greater Dublin area. In 1971, the first large store opened outside the Dublin in Cork and by the end of that year 11 more stores were opened in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. By 1973, the number of stores reached 18 in Ireland and Primark began trading in Great Britain with four out-of-town stores. In the next year Primark opened the first UK High Street stores in Derby and Bristol. In the next ten years, 18 stores were added in the UK and nine in Ireland, which bring the number of stores in the UK and Ireland to 22 each. The mission statement of Primark is: â€Å"We aim to make our employees, suppliers and local and wider communities part of our success by working with them in every way we can.† According to Primark this means that: employees have equal opportunities based on merit suppliers are treated fairly local communities are respected and supported by Primark the company takes its environmental responsibilities seriously As Primark is an international business with a global supply chain Primark accept that they have a responsibility to trade ethically. This includes that Primark suppliers live up to their values and behave as well towards the employees. Primark have more than 400 suppliers in over 16 countries. They buy in very large volumes and aim to build long-term relationships with suppliers and gain trust. Primark directly contributes to the employment of more than 700,000 workers across the continents. According to Primark: â€Å"Primark is committed to providing the best possible value for our customers, but not at the expense of the people who make our products.† In Primark employment, there is no forced, bonded or involuntary prison labour. Employers are not required to lodge deposits or their identity papers and can leave any time their employment after reasonable notice. Primark provide an open attitude towards the activities of trade unions and their organisational activities. Employers receive regular and recorded health and safety training, and training repeat for new or rejoined workers. As come to environment there is no child labour in Primark. Primark is a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), an alliance of companies, trade unions and voluntary organisations working on partnership to improve the lives of people working in global supply chains. In India Primark works with an NGO called SAVE which help to understand and address the challenges faced by workers in the communities where Primark products are made. In China we are working with ICO, a non-profit organisation, and are extending our work with other stakeholders. To, make the environment healthy and happy Primark progressively replacing plastic carrier bags with the paper bags. Paper bags are fashionable and reusable. Primark gave plenty of about the business and how they work on there website, which is easily assessable by any user. Products different sizes guide is available on the website including different brands availabilities. Users can easily search the store near their place by the help of store locator available on the website. These all availabilities can make user or customer to assess Primark more easily and safely. Task three Explain the various elements of the marketing concept and how they apply to Primark. The marketing concept is the philosophy that businesses/organisation use to analyse the needs of their customers and make decisions to satisfy those needs, rather than the competition. Today most firms use the marketing concept. Elements of Marketing Concepts: The Production Concept: The production concept is an idea that a firm should focus on those products that it could produce most efficiently and that the creation of a supply of low-cost products would in and of itself create the demand for the products. At the time, the production concept worked fairly well because the goods that were produced were largely those of basic necessity and there was a relatively high level of unfulfilled demand. What ever company produce in low cost and in large quantity was sold out profitably. There weren’t enough competitors in the market. Primark offer good quality fashion at low prices. Success of Primark is based on big volumes, low mark-ups, and minimal advertising. They are the lean business which responds quickly in the marketplace, good buying and excellent distribution. The Sales Concept: As, mass production become commonplace, competition increased, and there is little unfulfilled demand. Firms/businesses practice the sales concept (or selling concept), under which companies not only produce the products, but also try to convince customers to buy their products through advertising and personal selling. The sales concept pays little attention to the product actually as if needed; the goal simply is to beat the competition to the sale with little regard to customer satisfaction. The sales concept is more likely depend on the feedback from customer the sale of the product is fall in the promotions. Primark use this strategy as, they produce wide range of in market fashion clothing. The quality of product as compare to price is very less. Primark do every sort of clothing which is in demand and in fashion. To compete the competitors Primark introduce new and fresh design in the market at the low price. The products and fashion they produce can be worn as causal and as on occasions. The Marketing Concept: Marketing concept involves focusing on customer needs before developing the product. Realising profit by successfully satisfying customer needs over the long-term. Firms typically set up separate marketing departments whose objective it to satisfy customer needs. Primark is always kept eye on the customer satisfaction. Their products are good in quality and more demanding because of the low price. The business of Primark always put customer’s needs before producing their products. Primark produce according to the customer’s demands and needs. What people want to wear in daily routine and on occasions, Primark make sure that those needs provide to their customers at low price. Task four Identify and assess the benefits and costs of a Marketing Approach and how you perceive Primark to have addressed this. Relationship marketing is a process of creating, maintaining and enhancing strong relationship with customers and other stakeholders. Relationship marketing is more focused on to building strong long term relationship with customers. Relationship marketing is important to satisfy and establish relationships with customers and other parties so that objectives of both parties can be met. It is more focused on customer retention with highly customer service and commitment. Primark take good care of suppliers in the first place and then aim to develop long-term relationships. Primark have more than 400 first tier suppliers from where they buy directly less than 2% in the UK or Ireland, while remainder of production takes place overseas. Six out of 10 suppliers have been with Primark for a decade or more. The mutual understanding that results from relationships is essential to being able to offer value in the market. Suppliers know what business want in terms of quality, product specification and lead times; and in return they get stability, large volume orders and payment within 30 days. Task five Identify and explain macro and micro environmental factors which have influenced Primark’s marketing strategy. S.W.O.T stands for Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats. SWOT is the only analysis which deals with both internal and external factors which may influence on business. SWOT analysis will explain the macro and micro environmental factors which have influenced Primark. Strengths: Primark has over 161 stores located. Out of 161 stores 125 are located in the UK. This gives them good business and well recognised in the market. It has an organised business structure according to customers need. Primark offers job opportunities and employs over 27,000 people and offers high street quality clothes for cheap prices and quality services to attract its customers. It provides clothing for all ages and sexes. The company is part of the ETI (Ethical Trading Initiative) which focuses on worker’s rights, their production of goods and bringing businesses together to work on labour rights issues. Weaknesses: Although Primark is a member of the ETI (Ethical Trading Initiative), but there are numerous negative reports concerning its business operations in the way they produce their goods. A study was shown that Primark used child labour to produce their goods. Other issues are with poor working conditions and disvaluing workers rights. The company have problems concerning advertising. Primark does not advertise and this gives competitors the advantage over them. Opportunities: With its already expanding ventures such as opening 47 new stores in the UK, Primark has now opened 7 new stores in Spain to battle along its competition like Zara. Expanding business widely now they have an opportunity to share their high quality products and services overseas and provide high quality clothes to fashion in the market. Threats: Primark’s threats are the competition with other companies such as Zara, HM and other local high street retail businesses. Primark is still working to match the needs of the customer in terms of fashion and uniqueness. Company is still struggling in advertising area whilst their competitors do. That is the biggest threat to the business because Marketing is the key factor to establish the business. Task 6 Take two of the Primark’s products (e.g. baby cloths, Ladies ware etc) and suggest segmentation criteria that could be applied in different markets. Marketing segmentation is the subdividing of a market into distinct subsets of customers, where any subset may be selected as a target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix. Market segmentation is a design to subdivide target market into a manageable form. Segmenting the market help business make better plan of project. Help to identify profitable market. It is important for business to segment the market to make right decision and identify the market needs. Positioning is, â€Å"The act of designing the companys offering and image so that they occupy a meaningful and distinct competitive position in the target customers minds† (Kotler 1997). Positioning is all about what the customer thinks about the product or organisation. Therefore it is about visibility and recognition of what a product represents for a buyer. Primark targets males, females and children within the mass market. Age of company target customers are from early teens to the middle aged (mostly women buying for the family). It has good positions itself in customer’s minds as the cheapest fashion clothing brand in the UK and does not partake in advertising strategies to emphasise this. However, the positioning strategy only works on differentiating Primark as the cheapest clothing retailer, and does not gain a meaningful position in customers minds as being fashion forward. I would suggest that Primark adopts a positioning concept that emphasises how quickly it responds to new fashions and creates imitations off the catwalk (i.e. product features). Instead of positioning Primark primarily as cheap it would serve them better to create an illusion of youth culture and being fresh and foremost with the newest fashions in a bid to remove associations with mass production and mass culture. One way to overcome on it is, if they would establish an online store, giving Primark an online physical presence also. The teenage / young adult generation of today are highly influenced and dependent on the internet for research, what people want to see, what is in the fashion world, social networking and downloading music. However, many of the online clothing stores target women aged 25-45 who may see ordering online as more convenient (i.e. Next, Debenhams, Little woods, Dorothy Perkins). If Primark open an online store it could position itself as a dominant in the minds of teenagers as the most accessible online store, with the freshest fashions. The only competition currently is New Look which is still more expensive about 50% in the case of jeans, accessories and shoes. Task 7 Outline the factors you believe influence the Primark’s choice of targeting strategy. Primarks products include lingerie, nightwear, footwear, clothing, accessories and even home ware. All the products business provides in the market is very essential. So, it is very easy to approach the target market. Stores are large consists of 2-3 floors and split into two categories such as women wear accessories, menswear underwear, footwear children’s wear. I would suggest that Primark use better visual displays in store by having mannequins with outfit ideas on with the clothing hanging beside. Window displays at Primark look fantastic, but go into the store and it is virtually impossible to find the items. If Primark could put together inspirational displays it would suggest customer that Primark believes in its own clothing, and demonstrates how it can be put together to look fashionable. Moreover, Primark has little in terms of expression and communication as it does not advertise. The only place we can see logo is on shopping bags and on the store logo, suggesting it does not show the reputation of a company and shows the ‘cheap place. To express the brand as being fresh and foremost with the newest fashions they could print coming soon images of new items on their shopping bags for the view of high street shoppers. Also, in keeping with the online store idea, Primark could send weekly emails to customers showing the latest looks, catwalk trends or celebrity outfits. They need to put new policies and rule in the business for advertisements. No doubt they are approaching their target market but business is approaching with ‘cheap shop’ reputation. Company need to work on the marketing process it will change the customers thinking. Instead, of cheap shop it will change into good quality of products. Task 8 Explain how buyer behaviour affects the marketing activities of the Primark using two of its products as example. The Market research report shows the performance of the UK children’s wear market, which comprises clothing designed for under-14 year-olds. Market was valued at  £5.29bn in 2008, following a mixed growth performance. The main sectors of the children’s wear market are: girls’ clothing (ages 2 to 14); boys’ clothing (ages 2 to 14); and infants’ clothing (for under-2 year-olds). The positive influences of the children’s wear market have been countered by changes in UK clothing retailing as a whole since the end of the 1990s. Rise of discount retailers such as Primark, with the growing market show their competitors such as ASDA, Tesco and Sainsbury’s, has exerted a downward pressure on prices, particularly for children’s clothing. In 2008 there was a great deal of price competition on school uniform in 2008, and ASDA eventually offering the cheapest school wear, at just  £4. The UK children’s wear market is very retail-driven, with retailer brands accounting for the greatest share of sales. Major businesses include Adams Kids, Mother care, Marks Spencer, Debenhams, ASDA, Tesco and Primark. The economic downturn, and the recession that began in the UK in 2008, make the retailers to focus on prices, however, despite the difficult economic climate, retailers continued to invest in their brands across all price points. As the child population continuing to rise, the outlook for the children’s clothing market is getting more positive. Expectations are that price influences will dampen growth in 2009 and 2010, before the market begins to show better growth between 2011 and 2013. Design elements, ethical developments and brand investment will drive future growth in the industry. Task 9 Describe how Primark develops its products to sustain competitive advantage. The success story of Primark with regards to international business has been one of the more looked upon cases. Business of Primark shows that it is not enough that the products they are selling to the customers are top of the line. They have to make sure that the products they are producing and selling does have demand from the customers. Primark have to guarantee that the products that they are offering will ensure sale. This could only be done by understanding the market and by establishing great relations with their customers through customer relationship management. Hence, the success of Primark is manifested in the ability of the company to balance both the external and the internal operations of the firm. The demands of the people and the stability of the company to provide those demands are the key ingredients to the overall success of Primark. Task 10 Explain how Primark’s distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience. All suppliers and their factories manufacturer for Primark are covered by Code of Conduct. Primark have an increasingly comprehensive programme of auditing to ensure that suppliers act according to the Code. Audits are carried out by Primark regionally based ethical trade managers. Almost two-thirds of their purchasing spend is with top 100 suppliers. Primark audited 162 suppliers and 340 production sites during the year. 70% of these audits were carried out by specialist external auditors and the remaining 30% by local ethical trade team. Primark targets for 2009 are even more ambitious. They are planning to audit and engage in follow up with factories working for the top 250 suppliers. This will cover 87% of our suppliers by expenditure, and involve over 1,000 audits. All audits and commitment of suppliers with Code of Conduct shows that how important customer’s satisfaction is for Primark. Audits are necessary in the business so that the staff get well qualified and have personal skills for the business and market in which they are working to satisfied and convenience the customer. The quality and price is the main two things that make people to shop from Primark. The stores are all over the country that makes people approach them easily. To be friendly and helpful towards customers and staff, the public need to think that we are a friendly company; this will make them want to come to store. Business treat everybody the same. The people with less money will be treated the same as people that have lots of money. Primark make everyone in the store feel individual, and make everyone feel like they are ‘special’. Task 11 How are Primark’s prices set to reflect their objectives and market conditions? Studies had shown that low-cost retailer such as Primark is the store what people wanted. If we compare other retail companies in the UK, the only thing it does not have is probably the budget chain like Primark clothing. Primark is in the Tertiary Sector; the store buys raw materials from a Secondary Business and sells the products, such as clothing and shoes. It is a large, multinational business. It is quite a well-known business and there are several stores throughout the United Kingdom. Most of people have heard of this store, so it is a strong, well-run organisation. Primark earn plenty of profits, so they are able to provide more products for the public. The businesses objectives are to provide good quality products for the public. Business wants the public to realise that they are a good company and just because products are cheap, it doesn’t mean that they are rubbish. This will achieve by having their products made by people that know what they are doing and test them to check that they are good in quality. To sell goods at reasonable prices; business provide wide range of options to customers, in good quality at reasonable prices. As compare at other stores, selling similar products, and making Primark is low in price. Task 12 Illustrate how Primark integrates their promotional activity to achieve their marketing objectives. In the UK, the retail value-clothing market is growing. At the expense of retailers with more established, quality reputable clothing lines, several companies such as Matalan, Tesco, and Asda are pushing their self to offering consumers low-cost, high-fashion. Primark, a subsidiary of Associated British Foods plc, is arguably the fastest grower with 162 stores in the UK, Republic of Ireland, and a small presence in Spain. Our low prices are the result of technology, efficient distribution and supply, bulk-buying and the fact that we spend almost nothing on advertising. The company is able to negotiate cheap prices from manufacturers in Asia and Eastern Europe because of the high volume of turnover that it focuses on achieving in its stores. It accepts lower profit margins on its products, all in all ensuring price points that are well below anything that the majority of retailers can offer. Primark stores are often heaving with people, messy, and plagued by long queues, but customers know to expect this. Primark, with the slogan looks good, pay less, targets primarily the fashion conscious, price conscious under-35s segment, both males and females. The success of Primark products assortment strategy lies in the ability to find out what is fashionable, design a budget version, and bring it quickly to stores. It takes approximately just 6 weeks from the initial concept stage for Primark to start selling a specific item in stores. However the Primark is not without its problems. It is currently involved in several issues over accusations that it has copied the designs of rival retailers. A more critical current controversy is a report which accuses Primark of serious human rights abuses and sweatshop labour in its Asian factories. Personally I don’t think that their market position will be much affected. Many of their main rivals have undergone similar scrutiny, and the Primark is strong in their approaching marketing strategy that it is quite capable of resisting the charges of the rumour mill. I think that the majority of consumers can expect and will expect to look good and pay less for a long time yet to come. Task 13 Look at the extended marketing mix (7 ’p’ s) and analyse how Primark uses these or otherwise. Marketing professionals use many tactics to attract their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. The 7Ps of the marketing mix can be discussed as: Product: Basically, it involves introducing new products or improvising the existing products. It must provide value or set price of a product to a customer. Price: Price must be competitive and must be profitable. The pricing strategy can comprise discounts and offers. Place: It refers to the place where the customers can buy the product and how the product reaches out to that place. This is done through different channels, like Internet, wholesalers and retailers. Promotion: It includes the various ways of communicating to the customers of what the company is offering. It is about communicating about the benefits of using a particular product. People: People means the customers, employees, management and everybody else involved in it. It is essential for everyone to realise that the brand reputation that they are involved with is in the people’s hands. Process: It refers to the methods and process of providing a service and is essential to have knowledge on whether the services are helpful to the customers, if they are provided in time, if the customers are informed in hand about the services and many such things. Physical (evidence): It refers that the product physically has to be present in the market. A service has to be goes out to the customer, it is essential that you help them see what they are buying. According to marketing mix 7Ps, Primark use right tactics to attract the customers and run profit business. Primark always introduce the products that attract the people and what people want to see or want to buy. It always brings the product which is according to fashion and always provide with the low price. There are 162 stores all over the country and the product is available in all the stores. Prices remain same of the product in every store. Primark promotes their product quite often because there products are so cheap and everyone can afford it. But, in busy time business put promotions on plenty of their products. Primark is one of the leading companies in the retail market. They are running profitable business and well known in reputation of their prices. The people working in the company are well professional who bring profit for the business. The services provided by the Primark staff are acceptable as they deal with customer about their products and satisfied them. The physical presences of their entire product are according to the people need. Last but not least, the business concentrates on their products and make sure that it is available in the stores. Task 14 Describe how Primark develops its products to sustain competitive advantage. Explain how Primark’s distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience. How are Primark’s prices set to reflect their objectives and market conditions? As we discuss and describe earlier in Tasks 9, 10 and 11 about the Primark development, distribution and prices to approach the customer and satisfied their need. Answer will be the same.

Unilever Org Structure

?Unilever has undergone various organizational structure changes since its inception. It initially started with a decentralized structure from 1950- 1980. Decentralization gave the company an advantage as they had the flexibility to change according to local consumer demand. They appointed managers who were local to that place so that the company had a good understanding of local market. The local managers were responsible for everything from marketing, sales and distribution.But Decentralization led Unilever to not have any common corporate culture or vision. It also led them to duplication of products, resulting in high costs. Moreover, they had less focus on globalization and couldn’t create global brands. In 1990 the company changed its structure based on business groups. The company became more centralized. They streamlined their operations so that they could get the products onto the market quickly. This structure too failed as they were no coordination between head offi ce, regional and national groups.The decisions were made by regional heads and local managers had no power to change them to suit to local markets. Finding a right balance between centralization and decentralization was their major problem. In 1999, Unilever decided to adopt a â€Å"Path to Growth Strategy†. They realized that they had a broad range of products and never had any focus on ones in which they were one among the top in market. So they switched to a structure based on global product divisions. Unilever was split into two separate global units namely Food and HPC headed by two executive directors.But they still had problems as the company had 2 separate chairmens in different countries which led them to operate as separate entities (Unilever NV and Unilever PLC. ). In 2005 as part of â€Å"one Unilever† Programme they scrapped this management structure by naming Patrick Cescau as single chief executive of Unilever. The company started to operate with matrix structure with multiple lines of authority based on product, regional and functional divisions. The company currently has 4 product divisions namely Foods, Personal Care, Home care and Refreshments headed by 4 different people.They have got 8 leads based on regional splits heading North America, Europe, North Asia, South East Asia and Australasia, South Asia, Latin America, Africa (Central Africa and South Africa) and Russia/North Africa and Middle East. In terms of functional division there is a finance, marketing, R&D and HR departments. This simplified management structure has given all the Unilever top managements greater accountability and better leadership. It has helped them to eliminate duplication, take faster decisions, target on specific products and capture the global and local market. Unilever Org Structure Unilever has undergone various organizational structure changes since its inception. It initially started with a decentralized structure from 1950- 1980. Decentralization gave the company an advantage as they had the flexibility to change according to local consumer demand. They appointed managers who were local to that place so that the company had a good understanding of local market. The local managers were responsible for everything from marketing, sales and distribution.But Decentralization led Unilever to not have any common corporate culture or vision. It also led them to duplication of products, resulting in high costs. Moreover, they had less focus on globalization and couldn’t create global brands. In 1990 the company changed its structure based on business groups. The company became more centralized. They streamlined their operations so that they could get the products onto the market quickly. This structure too failed as they were no coordination between head offic e, regional and national groups.The decisions were made by regional heads and local managers had no power to change them to suit to local markets. Finding a right balance between centralization and decentralization was their major problem. In 1999, Unilever decided to adopt a â€Å"Path to Growth Strategy†. They realized that they had a broad range of products and never had any focus on ones in which they were one among the top in market. So they switched to a structure based on global product divisions. Unilever was split into two separate global units namely Food and HPC headed by two executive directors.But they still had problems as the company had 2 separate chairmens in different countries which led them to operate as separate entities (Unilever NV and Unilever PLC. ). In 2005 as part of â€Å"one Unilever† Programme they scrapped this management structure by naming Patrick Cescau as single chief executive of Unilever. The company started to operate with matrix s tructure with multiple lines of authority based on product, regional and functional divisions. The company currently has 4 product divisions namely Foods, Personal Care, Home care and Refreshments headed by 4 different people.They have got 8 leads based on regional splits heading North America, Europe, North Asia, South East Asia and Australasia, South Asia, Latin America, Africa (Central Africa and South Africa) and Russia/North Africa and Middle East. In terms of functional division there is a finance, marketing, R&D and HR departments. This simplified management structure has given all the Unilever top managements greater accountability and better leadership. It has helped them to eliminate duplication, take faster decisions, target on specific products and capture the global and local market.

The novel of Mice and Men - sexism and degradation of women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Of Mice And Men Essay Did you like this example? In the Novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the author is representing sexism and the degradation of women because of how Curley’s wife is flirtatious , how she is talked about by men and the way that her death was treated. Curley’s wife was considered flirtatious throughout the book. Men seen her as taken but not happy in that relationship which showed by her actions in her body language as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The novel of Mice and Men sexism and degradation of women" essay for you Create order Curleys wife is also talked to in a way women would consider disrespectful. Men don’t respect her because of how she portrays herself towards others as well. She shows off as a woman who doesn’t ever know where her husband is. This gives her a bad look because it shows that she never spends time with him at home and has to find things to do. The way everyone disregards her death is a unfortunate state. Everyone just goes on about there day and acts like she was nothing from the start of the day. Curley’s wife was flirtatious towards other men. Whenever she walked into a room men always knew it was her because of her Flirtatious eye and walk while she was talking to others around her. The authors use the wording when Curley comes searching for her is different as well. Throughout the novel, Curley is continually looking for his flirtatious wife. He sticks his head in the bunkhouse and says, You seen a girl around here? (Steinbeck, 18). After Curley mistakenly assumes that Slim is having an affair with his wife, he challenges Carlson after he wonders why Curley allows her to hang around the bunkhouse with the other men. The reason she is always around the ranch and the only women at that is because she gets lonely. Curley really isnt much company to her but is always â€Å"looking for her†. Curley’s wi fe talked about her dream of going to shows but didnt really go threw with it. So her flirtatious ways come from her not wanting to stay in the house and not worried about Curley because he has left her with no company. Curley’s wife also gets talked about by men a lot throughout the novel. Just then, Curleys wife enters. She is very pretty and wears a lot of makeup. While asking where Curly is, she moves to ensure that she shows off her body (Steinbeck, 56). Curleys wife enjoys threatening the men with her good looks. That is what men like to see and it gets their attention, but that is also the main thing they talk about. She cruelly cuts down Candy for his old age and meekness, Lennie for being a dum dum, and she tells Crooks, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny (Steinbeck, 120). Men talk about her because she shows herself off as this lonely women who needs attention because her husband isn’t giving her any. So men like George tell Lennie to stay away because she can get them into trouble that they don’t need. When Curleys wife dies people were worried in the moment but then after it seemed like nothing even happened. The meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly. (Steinbeck, 5) Thi s really shows the Self- obsession she had of herself and the cruelty she had all coming back to her. Curleys wife is self-obsessed, and unable to judge herself and uphold her position. At every opportunity, she talks about her lost opportunities in life. Curleys wife convinces herself that her mother stole the letter, rather than realize that the guys werent interested in her talent they were really interested in her body. Curleys wifes obsession with herself ultimately leads to her death. She is half-afraid of Lennie, but she also wants his attention and praise. She is a tease, leading guys on to make herself feel better. ultimately she got what she deserved by the logic of the novel. Curleys wife suffered a terrible death but had it coming back to her. The way she showed herself off and the way she acted towards others really gave her a bad reputation of herself. She was a pretty woman but always showed off her body so men could see. She had a dream but the men that told her it could come true only seen her body as the dream that they were going to get. Her claim of being lonely was a way for her to lead men on and get her way. While curley is out and looking around for her she isn’t worried about curley but she is talking and hanging around other men. Although Lennie didn’t mean to kill her, it all happened because she didnt want him to mess up her hair but she was the very one who wan ted Lennie to give her attention and praise her. Overall everything that Curleys wife did wrong to others because she was lonely all came back to her in the end and stabbed her in the back.

Alcohol Consumption On Student Performance Essay - 1962 Words

Nowadays, alcohol consumption has been common among university students around the world. Some studies found that they had been engaged in binge drinking although it was their first time drinking alcohol (Martens et al., 2009). Further study by Dantzer et al (2006) supported this statement with the evidence that almost half of university student in the United States of America had been engaged in binge drinking behaviour. Although some studies show that drinking alcohol can give positive effects such as feeling confident, relaxing surrounding and happy emotions (Bot, Engel Knibbe, 2005), this drinking behaviour gives more negative effects compare to the goods. It gives the bad effects to the students especially in terms of health and education. It has been found that more than 10% of all the diseases are from the alcohol consumption (Rehm et al., 2009). For education, some studies found that alcohol consumption has a negative effect on student performance (Singleton Wolfson, 2009). There are many factors that lead to alcohol consumption for university students such as biological and environmental factors. This essay will explain about one of the main factors which is the sociocultural factor that leads to university students’ alcohol consumption based on a study from Sanchez et al (2011). This study aimed to find the relationship between the cultural differences which are different from Europe and the United States of America, and the alcohol drinking consumption amongShow MoreRelatedUnderage Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdrug and alcohol abuse in schools whether its at the high school or college level. Not only does drug and alcohol consumption effect your overall health, it can effect your academic performance as well. In this paper I am going to be talking about the problems with drug and alcohol abuse, preventions, risks, costs and much more. 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